ANNUAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS
ON THE HISTORY OF SPORT 1990/91
(with addendum*)
Compiled by Richard William Cox
REFERENCE WORKS
ENCYCLOPAEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES
Bjarkman, Peter C., (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Major League
Baseball Team Histories: American League (Westport, CT:
Meckler, 1991).
Hickock, Ralph, The Encyclopaedia of North American Sports
History (New York: Facts on File, 1991).
Matz, David Greek and Roman Sport: A Dictionary of Athletes
and Events From the Eighth Century B.C. to the Third
Century A.D. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company,
1991), 169pp.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cox, Richard William, "Annual Bibliography of
Publication on the History of Sport 1988/89',
International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 3 (December, 1991), 398-407.
Cox, Richard William, "Annual Bibliography of
Publications on the History of Sport in Britain',
British Society of Sports History Bulletin, 10
(1991), 83-99.
Cox, Richard William, History of Sport in Britain: A
Bibliography of Historical Publications 1800-1988
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991), 285pp.
Lewis, R. M., "American Sports History: A Bibliographical
Guide', American Studies International, 29, 1 (April,
1991), 35-59.
Remley, Mary L., Women in Sport: An Annotated Bibliography
and Resource Guide, 1900-1990 (Boston: G. K. Hall,
1991), 310pp.
*Zucker, Harvey Marc and Babich, Lawrence J., Sports Films:
A Complete Reference (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and
Company, 1987).
HISTORIOGRAPHY
Abe, Ikuo, "Historical Studies of Sport and Physical
Education in Japan: Recent Developments',
International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 2 (September, 1991), 291-295.
Baker, William J., "Touching the Bases: The Record and
Ritual of Allen Guttmann', International Journal of
the History of Sport, 8, 3 (December, 1991), 408-416.
*Carter, John Marshall, "The Study of Medieval Sports, 1927-
1987', Stadion, 14 (1988), 149-162.
Hansen, Jorn, "Nordic Sports Under Review',
International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 2 (September, 1991), 296-297.
Kyle, Donald G., "E. Norman Gardiner: Historian of Ancient
Sport', International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 1 (May, 1991), 28-55.
Smith, David C., "Writers at Work: Baseball Yesterday and
Today', International Journal of the History of Sport, 8,
1 (May, 1991), 140-148.
Stoddart, Brian, "Historical Dimensions in the British
Sports Experience: A Review Article', Sporting
Traditions, 7, 2 (May, 1991), 207-213.
ARCHIVES/MUSEUMS
Costa, D. Margaret, "Paul Ziffren Sports Resource Center of
the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles', Journal
of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 306-309.
Durry, Jean, "Sports in a Museum', Museum, 170 (1991),
63-66.
Gems, Gerald R., "Beyond the Box Score: New Resources for
Sports History', Journal of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer,
1991), 310-311.
Green, Stephen, "Not The Least of Cricket Glories',
Museum, 170 (1991), 98-100.
Gurley, Elsabeth Ryan, "The Athletic Heritage in Hellenic
Museums', Museum, 170 (1991), 86-88.
Gurlich, Thomas, "Prague: Sports as History', Museum, 170
(1991), 67-70.
Hanik, Tony and Lahey, Richard, "The Staff at Bat - and on
Ice', Museum, 170 (1991), 104-105.
Hoffman, Joseph, "Recalling Judaism of Muscles', Museum, 170
(1991), 71-73.
Hult, Joan S., "The Archives and Special Collections of the
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation
and Dance', Journal of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991),
304-305.
Minavoa, Julien V., "The Olympic Museum of Benin: Doing
What it Can With What it Has', Museum, 170 (1991),
89-90.
Neville, John, "The Pro Football Hall of Fame', Journal of
Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 293-296.
Redmond, Gerald, "The Olympic Hall of Fame and Museum', Journal
of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 298-300
Renson, Roland, "The Come Back of Traditional Sports and
Games', Museum, 170 (1991), 77-81.
Robson, Adam, "A Fine Disregard for the Rules of Football',
Museum, 170 (1991), 96-97.
Sorenson, Barbara, " A Thousand Types of Roller-Skate'
Museum, 170 (1991), 101.
Triet, Maximilian, "A Sports Museum is also a Business',
Museum, 170 (1991), 82-85.
West, Tom, "The Hockey Hall of Fame', Journal of
Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 297-298.
Yoshioka, Yutaka, "Yokohama: Horses Past, Present and
Future', Museum, 170 (1991), 91-93.
SOURCES
Carter, John Marshall, "A Research Note: Further Evidence
of Sports Records in the Middle Ages', International
Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 3 (December, 1991),
417-419.
Miller, Stephen G., Arete: Greek Sports From Ancient
Sources (A second and expanded edition) (Berkeley,
CA: University of California Press, 1991), 227pp.
GENERAL HISTORIES OF SPORT/ANTHOLOGIES
Cross, Gary A Social History of Leisure Since 1600 (State
College, PA: Venture Publishing, 1990).
*Guttmann, Allen, "Sport and Celebration', Stadion, 12/13
(1986/87), 1-7.
Guttmann, Allen, Women's Sports: A History (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1991), 339pp.
*King, Harry A., "Students of World Records: Pioneers of
Sports Science', Stadion, 15 (1989), 305-309.
Lumpkin, Angela and William, Linda, "An Array of Sports
Ilustrated Feature Articles, 1954-1987', Sociology of
Sport Journal, 8 (1991), 16-32.
Mangan, J. A. The Cultural Bond: Sport, Empire, Society
(London: Frank Cass, 1991).
Martin, Phyllis M., "Colonialism, Youth and Football in
French Equatorial Africa', International Journal of the
History of Sport 8, 1 (May, 1991), 56-71.
Park, Roberta J., "Physiology and Anatomy are Destiny!?:
Brains, Bodies and Exercise in Nineteenth Century
American Thought', Journal of Sport History, 18, 1
(Spring, 1991), 31-64.
Penz, Otto, "Ball Games of the North American Indians
and in late Medieaval Europe', Journal of Sport and
Social Issues, 15, 1 (Spring, 1991), 43-58.
Redmond, Gerald, "History and Physical Activity' in
C. Bouchard, et. al. (eds.), Physical Activity Sciences
(Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1991), 107-112.
Staudohar and Mangan, James A., The Business of
Professional Sports (Baltimore: University of
Illinois Press, 1991).
Vertinsky, Patricia, "Old Age, Gender and Physical
Activity: The Biomedicalization of Aging' Journal
of Sport History, 18, 1 (Spring, 1991), 64-80.
SPORT IN ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
*Bell, David, "The Horse Race in Ancient Greece From
the Pre-Classical Period to the First Century B.C.',
Stadion, 15 (1989), 167-190.
*Gigliola, Gori, "Etrucian Sport and Festivals',
Stadion, 12/13 (1986/87), 9-16.
Hatab, L. J., "The Greeks and the Meaning of Athletics', in
J. Andre and D. N. Jones (eds.), Rethinking college
Athletics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991),
31-42.
Kyle, Donald G., "Athletes and Archaeologists: Some
Recent Works on the Sites and Significance of
Ancient Greek Sport', International Journal
of the History of Sport, 8, 2 (September, 1991),
270-283.
Lindsay, Peter L., "The Funeral Games of Virgil's Aeneid',
Canadian Journal of the History of Sport, XXII, 2
(December, 1991), 1-22.
Martucci, Donato, "Roman Emperors and their 'Sportsmen',
Olympic Review, 287 (September, 1991), 462-464.
*Poliakoff, Michael B., Combat Sports in the Ancient World:
Competition, Violence and Culture (Cambridge, MA: Yale
University Press, 1987), 201pp.
HISTORIES OF SPORT IN INDIVIDUAL NATIONS
AUSTRALIA
Cashman, Richard and Weaver, Amanda, Wicket Women: Cricket
and Women in Australia (NSW: New South Wales University
Press, 1991).
Headon, David, "'A Conflagration of Conversation and
Preparation and Jubliation' - Great Sporting Moments
and Memories in Australian Literature', Sporting
Traditions, 8, 1 (November, 1991), 77-92.
Lynch, Rob, "Disorder on the Sidelines of Australian
Sport', Sporting Traditions, 8, 1 (November,
1991), 50-75.
Stell, Marion K., Half The Race: A History of Australian
Women in Sport (NSW: Angus and Robertson, 1991).
Turner, J. Neville, "A History of Sport and Law in
Australia', Sporting Traditions, 7, 2 (May, 1991),
176-190.
BELGIUM
*Renson, Roland and Der Vroede, E., "Folk Games at the
Fair: Kemis Scenes in the Work of Pieter Brugel the
Elder, Stadion, 15, (1989), 87-99.
CANADA
Cosentino, Frank, Not Bad, Eh? Great Moments in Canadian
Sports History (Burnstown, Ontario: General Store
Publishing, 1990).
Wenn, Stephen R., "Give Me the Keys Please: Avery Brundage,
Canadian Journalists, and the Barbara Scott Phaeton Affair',
Journal of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 241-250.
CHINA
Xikuan, Zhou, "China: Sport Activities of the Ancient and
Modern Times', Canadian Journal of the History of Sport,
XXII, 2 (December, 1991), 68-82.
GREAT BRITAIN
Brownell, Susan, "Sports in Britain and China, 1850-1920:
An Explanatory Overview', International Journal of
the History of Sport, 8, 2 (September, 1991), 284-290.
Chandler, Timothy J. L., "Games at Oxbridge and the Public
Schools, 1830-80: The Diffusion of an Innovation',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 2
(September, 1991), 171-204.
Finn, G. P. T., "Racism, Religion and Social Prejudice:
Irish Catholic Clubs, Soccer and Scottish Society I - The
Historical Roots of Prejudice', International Journal of
the History of Sport, 8, 1 (May, 1991), 72-95.
Finn, G. P. T., "Racism, Religion and Social Prejudice:
Irish Catholic Clubs, Soccer and Scottish Society II -
Social Identities and Conspiracy Theories',
International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 3 (December, 1991), 370-397.
Henricks, Thomas S., Disputed Pleasures: Sport and Society
in Pre-Industrial England (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,
1991.
McCrone, Kathleen E., "Class, Gender, and English Women's
Sport, c. 1890-1914', Journal of Sport History, 18, 1
(Spring, 1991), 159-182.
*Radford, Peter F., "From Oral Tradition to the Printed
Record: British Sports Science in Transition, 1805-1807',
Stadion, 15 (1989), 295-304.
*Ruhl, Joachim, K., "Behind the Scenes of Popular Spectacle
and the Courtly Tradition: The Ascertainment of the Best
Jouster', Stadion, 12/13 (1986/87), 39-48.
FRANCE
Holt, Richard, "Women, Men and Sport in France, c.
1870-1914: An Introductory Survey', Journal of Sport
History, 18, 1 (Spring, 1991), 121-134.
GERMANY
*Naul, Roland, "Gymnastics, Athletics, Games: Sedon
Celebrations in Imperial Germany', Stadion, 15
(1989), 131-136.
IRELAND
O'Donoghue, T. A., "An Overview of the History of Physical
Education in Ireland', Journal of the Int. Council for
Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 27, 4 (Summer,
1991), 3-7.
ITALY
*Rosella, Isidori Frasca, "Sport Gyneology in Italy',
Stadion, 15 (1989), 331-336.
Lanfranchi, Pierre, "Bologna: ' The Team that Shook the
World', International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 3 (December, 1991), 336-369.
Pivato, Stefano, "Soccer, Religion, Authority: Notes on the
Early Evolution of Association Football in Italy',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 3
(December, 1991), 426-429.
MEXICO
Arbena, Joseph L., "Sport Development and Mexican
Nationalism, Journal of Sport History, 18, 3
(Winter, 1991), 350-364.
POLAND
Zebrowski, Piotr T., "Symbol of Symmetrical Development:
The Reception of the YMCA in Poland', International
Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 1 (May, 1991), 96-
110.
SOUTH AFRICA
*Van Der Merwe, Floris J. G., "Popinjay Shooting as the
Oldest Sporting Inheritance at the Cape (1686-1986)',
Stadion, 15 (1989), 199-203.
Van Der Merwe, Floris J. G., "Afrikaner Nationalism in
Sport', Canadian Journal of the History of Sport, XXII, 2
(December, 1991), 34-46.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Capchick, Richard Edward, Race and Sport in America in the
1900s (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991), 250pp.
Captain, Gwendolyn, "Enter Ladies and Gentlemen of Color:
Gender, Sport and the Ideal of African American Manhood
and Womanhood During the Late Nineteenth and Early
Twentieth Centuries', Journal of Sport History,
18, 1 (Spring, 1991), 81-102
Cole, Terrance M., "Ocean to Ocean by Model T: Henry Ford
and the 1909 Transcontinental Auto Contest', Journal of
Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 224-240.
Crawford, Scott A.G.M., "The Black Actor as Athlete and
Mover: An Historical Analysis of Stereotypes, Distortions
and Bravura Performances in american Action Films',
Canadian Journal of the History of Sport, XXII, 2
(December, 1991), 1-22.
Eisen, George, "Sport, Recreation and Gender: Jewish
Immigrant Women in Turn-of-the-Century America
(1880-1920)', Journal of Sport History, 18, 1
(Spring, 1991), 103-120.
*Grover, Katheryn (ed.), Fitness in American Culture: Images
of Health, Sport and the Body, 1830-1940
(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press and Margaret
Woodbury Strong Museum, 1989), 178pp.
Lewis Robert, "American Croquet in the 1860s: Playing the
Game and Winning', Journal of Sport History, 18, 3
(Winter, 1991), 365-386.
Moorehouse, H. F., Driving Ambitions: A Social Analysis of
the American Rod Enthusiasm (Manchester, Manchester
University Press, 1991).
Rader, Benjamin G., "The Quest for Self-Sufficiency and the
New Strenousity: Reflections on the Strenuous Life of the
1970s and 1980s', Journal of Sport History, 18, 2
(Summer, 1991), 255-266.
Reiss, Stephen, "Sport and the Redefinition of American
Middle-Class Masculinity', International Journal of the
History of Sport, 8, 1 (May, 1991), 5-27.
Struna, Nancy, "Gender and Sporting Practice in Early America,
1750-1810', Journal of Sport History, 18, 1 (Spring,
1991), 10-30.
USSR
*Riordan, Jim, "Folk Games and Fake Games in Soviet Times:
The Case of Gorodki and Lapta', Stadion, 15 (1989),
171-181.
Riordan, Jim, "The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Sporting Women
in Russia and the USSR', Journal of Sport History, 18,
1 (Spring, 1991), 183-199.
Riordan, Jim, Sport, Politics and Communism (Manchester:
Manchester University Press, 1991).
LOCAL STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF SPORT
(Including club, team and institutional histories)
CANADA
*Ballem, H Charles, "Abegweit Dynasty. The Story of the
Abegweit Amateur Athletic Associationm 1899-1954
(Charlotte, PEI: Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage
Foundation, 1986.
Flies, James, "Smocks and Jocks: The Establishment of the
Ontairo Ministry of Culture and Recreation, 1974',
Ontario History, 83 3 (September, 1991), 209-223.
McNutt, Steve, "Shifting Objectives: The Develpoment of
Male Physical Education in Nova Scotia from 1867 to 1913'
Canadian Journal of the History of Sport, XXII, 1
(May, 1991), 32-51.
Metcalfe, Alan, "The Anatomy of Power in Amateur Sport in
Ontario, 1918-1936', Canadian Journal of the History of
Sport, XXII, 2 (December, 1991), 47-67.
Wetherall, Donald G., Udeful Pleasures: The Shaping of
Leisure in Alberta, 1846-1945 (Regina: Canadian Plains
Research Centre, 1990), 430pp.
GREAT BRITAIN
Huggins, M. J., Kings of the Moor: North Yorkshire
Racehorse Trainers, 1760-1900 (Papers in North Eastern
History Series No 1) (Middlesborough: Teeside
Polytechnic Publications, 1991.
Jarvie, Grant, Highland Games: The Making of a Myth
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), 120pp.
*Metcalfe, Alan, "Resistence to Change: Folk Games in the
Mining Communities of East Northumberland, England, 1870-
1914', Stadion, 15 (1989), 143-149.
Metcalfe, Alan, "The Role of History in the
Conceptualization of Leisure: A Case Study of the Miners of
East Northumberland, 1800-1914', in T. Williams (et. al.),
Sport and Physical Activity: Moving Towards Excellence
(Andover: Spon, 1991), pp. 622-6.
Rivington, R. T., "W. Webb Ellis and Ashbourne Football',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 1 (May,
1991), 133-139.
USA
Emery, Lynne, "From Social Pastime to Serious Sport:
Women's Tennis in southern California in the Late 19th
and Early 20th Centuries', The Californians, 8, 4
(November/December, 1990), 38-42.
Jable, J. Thomas, "Cricket, Clubs and Class in Philadelphia,
1850-1880', Journal of Sport History, 18, 2 (Summer,
1991), 205-223.
Lester, Robin Dale, "Michigan-Chicago 1905: The First
Greatest Game of the Century', Journal of Sport History,
18, 2 (Summer, 1991), 267-273.
*Park, Roberta J., "Private Play and the Public Spectacle:
Ethnic Sports and Celebrations in California, 1848-1915',
Stadion, 15 (1989), 151-157.
Vermilyea, Natalie, "Krnaks' Delight: California Baseball
1858-1888', The Californians, 8, 6 (March/April, 1991),
32-41.
HISTORIES OF INTERNATIONAL SPORTS FESTIVALS
(In the Modern World)
THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Eisen, George, "The 'Budapest Option': The Hungarian
Alternative to the First Modern Olympic Games',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 1 (May,
1991), 124-132.
*Lucas, John A., "The First Winter Olympic Games', The
Olympian, 14, 7 (February, 1988), 54-55.
Mandell, Richard D., A Munich Diary: The Olympics of 1972
(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press,
1991), 223pp.
Wenn, Stephen R., "A Suitable Policy of Neutrailty?: FDR
and the Question of American Participation in the 1936
Olympics', International Journal of the History of
Sport, 8, 3 (December, 1991), 319-335
HISTORIES OF INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL
Akindutire, Issac Olu, "The Historical Development of
Soccer in Nigeria: An Appraisal of its Emerging
Prospect', Canadian Journal of the History of Sport,
XXII, 1 (May, 1991), 20-31.
Dabscheck, Braham, "'A Man or a Puppet?' The F.A.'s Attempt
to Destroy the Association Fotball Player's Union',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 2
(September, 1991), 221-238.
Eisenberg, Christine, "Football in Germany: Beginnings,
1890-1914', International Journal of the History
of Sport, 8, 2 (September, 1991), 205-220.
Williams, John and Wagg, Stephen (eds.), British Football
and Social Change. Getting Into Europe
(Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1991).
BASEBALL
DiClerico, James M. and Pavelec, Barry J., The Jersey Game:
The History of Modern Baseball From Its Birth To The Big
Leagues (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press,
1991).
Peterson, Robert W., Cages to Jump Shots: Pro Basketball's
Early Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990),
224pp.
BASKETBALL
Hult, Joan S. and Trekell, Marianna (eds.), A Century
of Women's Basketball (Reston, VA: American Alliance for
Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 1991),
430pp.
Jobling, Ian and Barham, Pamela, "The Development of
Netball and the All-Australian Women's Basketball
Association (AAWBBA): 1891-1939', Sporting Traditions,
8, 1 (November, 1991), 29-48
BOXING
Holmes, Colin, "Kings of the Ring (Review Essay)',
International Journal of the History of Sport, 8, 3
(December, 1991), 429-432.
Sammons, Jeffrey T., Beyond the Ring: The Role of
Boxing in American Society (Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 1990), 318pp.
CRICKET
Dabscheck, Braham, "The Professional Cricketer's
Association of Australia', Sporting Traditions,
8, 1 (November, 1991), 2-27.
Moore, Andrew, "The 'Facist' Cricket Tour of 1924-5',
Sporting Traditions, 7, 1 (May, 1991), 164-174
Sandiford, Keith A. P., "The Birth of the Professional
Cricketer's Benefit Match', The International Journal of
the History of Sport, 8, 1 (May, 1991), 111-123.
RUGBY
Andrews David L., "Welsh Indigenous! and British Imperial?
- Welsh Rugby, Culture and Society 1890-1914', Journal of
Sport History, 18, 3 (Winter, 1991), 335-249.
Macrory, Jennifer, Running with the Ball: The Birth of
Rugby Football (London: Collins Willow, 1991).
Martens, James W., "To Throttle the Hydra: The Middle Class
and Rugby's Great Schism', Canadian Journal of the
History of Sport, XXII, 1 (May, 1991), 52-76.
Willaims, Gareth, 1905 and All That: Essays on Rugby Sport
and Welsh Society (Llandyssul: Gower Press, 1991).
SAND YATCHING
Parr, Andrew, Sandyachting: A History of the Sport and iis
Development in Britain (Llandysul: The Gomer Press,
1991), 200pp.
SURF LIFE SAVING
Booth, Douglas, "War off Water: The Australian Surf Life
Saving Association and the Beach', Sporting Traditions,
7, 2 (May, 1991), 135-162.
TENNIS
Morgan, Roger, "The Silver Ball of Rattray: A Note on an
Early Form of Tennis', International Journal of the History
of Sport, 8, 3 (December, 1991), 420-425.
BIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES
INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY
Man of Sport, Man of Peace, Collected Speeches and Essays
of Philip Noel-Baker - Olympic Statesman, 1889-1982
(London: British Olympic Association/International Olympic
Association, 1991).
Bonde, Hans, "I. P. Muller: Danish Apostle of Health',
International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 3 (December, 1991), 347-369.
Ernst, Robert, Weakness is a Crime: The Life of Bernard
MacFadden (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991).
Hylton, Kin Nad Mary, "The Tuttle Brothers: Hawaii's
Aviation Pioneers and First Glider Pilots', Hawaiian Journal
of History, 24 (1990), 117-128.
Kozar, Andrew J., The Sport Sculpture of R. Tait McKenzie
(Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1991).
Moore, Katherine, "A Neglected Imperialist: The Promotion
of the British Empire in the Writings of John Astley
Cooper', International Journal of the History of Sport,
8, 2 (September, 1991), 256-269.
Sissons, Richard, George Lohmann: The Beau Ideal, (Sydney:
Pluto Press, 1991), 65pp.
Sloan, Tod., Ted Sloan By Himself (San Diego, CA: San Diego
State University Press, 1988), 203pp.
Uberhorst, Horst, "Franz Leiber - Pioneer of Gymnastics,
Scientist and Politician', Canadian Journal of the
History of Sport, XXII, 1 (May, 1991), 1-8.
Valerio, Anthony, Bart: A Life of A. Bartlett Giamatti
(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991).
Van der Merwe, Floris J G., L.S. Meintjes: His Impact on
South African Sport History, Sporting Traditions, 7, 2
(May, 1991), 192-205.
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology