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ISHPES
- Bulletin 36
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International
Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport
Société Internationale d’Histoire de l’éducation physique et du sport
Internationale
Gesellschaft für Geschichte des Leibeserziehung und des Sports
Inhalt . Contents . Sommaire
ISHPES news p.3
1. President’s news
p.3
2. 11th
International Congress of the International Society for the History of
Sport and Physical Education (14-18 July 2009) p.4
3. ISHPES junior scholar
Award – 2009 p.5
Reports and Announcements p.5
1. 4th Meeting of Transnational Scholars for the
Study of Gender and Sport
at the University of Education in Ludwigsburg, from November 27-30, 2008. p.5
2. University of Toronto
Graduate Students Conference, May 8-9, 2009. p.7
3. “Olympic Reform: A Ten-Year Review”, University
of Toronto, May 19-20, 2009. p.8
4. Facing New Challenges: Education,
Health Promotion, Integration in
Gymnastics and Sports, June 4th
- 5th, 2009, Frankfurt. p.9
5. Australian Society for Sports History,
Sporting Traditions XVII :
The Cultural Paradigm: Reinvigorating Sport
History ? Wellington,
New Zealand, 30
June – 3 July 2009. p.10
6. The British Society of
Sports History- Annual Conference, 17-19 July 2009,
University of Stirling, Scotland, UK. p.10
7. International Summer
School for Young Researchers – Course for PhD Students
in Copenhagen, August
2009 p.11
Books, Journals p.12
Bonde,
H., Football with the Foe. Danish Sport
under the Swastika.
University
of Denmark Press 2008, 269 pp. p.12
Gems,
G. R., Borish, L. J. & Pfister, G. (2008). Sports in American History.
From
Colonization to Globalization.
Human Kinetics: Champaign, 372 pp. p.13
Bartmuß,
H-J., Kunze, E. & Ulfkotte, J. (Hrsg.): "Turnvater" Jahn und sein
patriotisches Umfeld. Briefe
und Dokumente 1806-1812. Böhlau-Verlag
Wien-Köln-Weimar 2008. 276 Seiten, 17 Abbildungen.
Recent Dissertations p.14
ISHPES news
1.
President’s news
Dear ISHPES members,
The year 2009 will be of importance for ISHPES,
with the renewal of its council and its executive board during the next
congress in Stirling, in July. The year 2010 will also be a very exciting one
for our institution, with our participation in the World Congress of History
hosted by the International Committee for Historical Science in Amsterdam
(22-28 August, 2010) and the organisation of our annual international seminar.
Two applications have been presented: the Wingate Institute in Israel and the
Chinese Taipei. The decision will be made in the next couple of weeks and
presented during the ISHPES elective General Assembly which will be held in
Stirling on 17 July 2009. Please do not forget to submit your abstract to this
promising congress.
Looking forward for seeing you in Scotland,
Thierry Terret
President of ISHPES
Chers membres de l’ISHPES,
L’année 2009
marquera un temps important pour l’ISHPES, avec le renouvellement de son
conseil et de son bureau à l’occasion du prochain congrès de Sterling, en
juillet. L’année 2010 s’annonce, elle-aussi, riche d’événements pour notre
société, avec notre participation au congrès mondial d’histoire du Comité
International des Sciences Historiques à Amsterdam (22-28 Août 2010) et
l’organisation de notre séminaire international annuel. Deux candidatures se
sont fait connaître à ce jour : le Wingate Institute en Israël et
Taipei. La décision sera prise dans les prochaines semaines et présentée lors
de l’Assemblée générale élective de l’ISHPES qui se tiendra à Sterling le 17
juillet 2009. N’oubliez pas de soumettre vos résumés pour ce congrès qui
s’annonce riche de promesses.
A
bientôt en Ecosse
Thierry Terret
Président de l’ISHPES
Liebe ISHPES-Mitglieder,
Das Jahr 2009 ist von großer Bedeutung für ISHPES:
Die Neuwahlen der Vorstandsmitglieder sowie des Präsidenten und
Vize-Präsidenten stehen während des Kongresses in Stirling im Juli an. Auch das
Jahr 2010 wird ein sehr aufregendes für unsere Organisation werden, weil wir am
Weltkongress für Geschichte, veranstaltet vom Internationalen Komitee für
Geschichtswissenschaft in Amsterdam (22.-28. August 2010), teilnehmen und unser
jährliches internationales Seminar stattfindet. Zu letzterem wurden zwei
Bewerbungen eingereicht: das Wingate-Institut in Israel und Chinese Taipei. Die
Entscheidung wird innerhalb der nächsten Wochen getroffen und während des
ISHPES-Hauptversammlung, die in Stirling am 17. Juli 2009 veranstaltet wird,
präsentiert. Bitte vergessen Sie nicht, Ihr Abstract für diesen
vielversprechenden Kongress einzureichen!
Ich freue mich auf ein Wiedersehen in Schottland!
Thierry Terret
ISHPES-Präsident
2. 11th
International Congress of the International Society for the History of Sport
and Physical Education (14-18 July 2009)
Sport in
History : Promises and Problems,University of Stirling,
Scotland, UK.
The general
claim presented by politicians, national sports organisations and individual
sports bodies across the globe has been that sport has been a positive force in
society, benefiting not just children and young people of both sexes, but those
of all ages. Its benefits supposedly include comradeship, excitement and good
health as well as other intrinsic and extrinsic gains. On occasions sport has
even been perceived as a solution to, or a distraction from, society’s social
and economic ills, and much effort has been put into increasing participation.
The 11th ISHPES
Conference at Stirling, Scotland will therefore focus on the ways in which
sport has tried to deliver on such promises, and their unintended consequences,
both beneficial and harmful. The Scientific Committee invites contributions
(presentations or posters) that will explore the interactions between sport,
its legitimating ideologies and culture, politics and society. We hope to
highlight the promises that sport has made or has had made in its name; the
obstacles that have been faced in attempting to deliver on the promises; and
the extent to which the promises have been fulfilled. Presenters are invited to
analyse the political and ideological background to the promises and the
consequences of the actions that have been taken, including such matters as
gender and racial discrimination; the development of peculiar lifestyles among
athletes, and the legitimisation of aggression and violence. By examining the
past, sports historians can help analyse claims that sport can be a form of
humanitarian aid, that it can assist economic development, and that it can
produce social change. In brief, has sport the capacity to make a difference to
people’s lives and on what terms ?
Our invitation
is extended not only to colleagues from the fields of history, sports history
and physical education but those from other disciplines such as cultural
research, anthropology, sociology, and the social sciences generally, where new
research, new paradigms and fields of interest are relevant.
Areas that could be explored include
ecological and environmental issues, health and injury, gender and ethnicity,
sporting conduct and ethical problems, social mobility and life chances of
sportspersons, sporting opportunities for children and older persons, and the
political use of sport. These suggestions are not intended to be exclusive and
innovative interpretations of the conference theme are welcomed.
Abstracts : We welcome the submission of
abstracts for either poster or oral presentation. The word limit is 250 words.
Note: the official language of
this conference is English. All abstracts and posters must be in English but
oral presentations can be made in English, French or German.
Closing date for abstracts (after which no
changes can be made) : Friday 6 March 2009.
For more information, please visit
the conference website on www.ishpes.info
3. ISHPES
junior scholar Award - 2009
The
ISHPES junior scholar award will be presented at the 11th
International ISHPES Congress to be held
at the University of Stirling, Scotland
on 14-18 July, 2009. It is
awarded for an unpublished essay of outstanding quality in the field of sport
history. Eligible scholars must be a member of ISHPES and a registered student
(undergraduate or graduate) at the time of the Seminar or a young scholar under
the age of 35.The essay must be submitted in one of the official ISHPES
languages (German, English or French) and the text itself (including notes and
bibliography) must not exceed 10,000 words. The main criteria for selection
will be based on originality, the scientific quality of the research and the
value of the study from the perspective of international sport history. The
theme of the Congress is Sport in History: Promises
and Problems though the paper need not be directly related
to the theme.
The
Award Winner will receive free registration at the Congress and a year’s
subscription to ISHPES. His/her paper
will be published in Stadion and the
winner, together with any other entrant whose work is recognized by the
committee for its quality, will receive a diploma that will be presented at an
award ceremony during the Congress. The essays must be submitted to the Chair
of the Awards Committee, Patricia Vertinsky, School of Human Kinetics,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada, or preferably by
email attachment, patricia.vertinsky@ubc.ca
before February 28, 2009.
Reports and Announcements
1. 4th Meeting of
Transnational Scholars for the Study of Gender and Sport at the University of
Education in Ludwigsburg, from November 27-30, 2008.
At the end of November 2008 sports
scientists of various scientific fields of research gathered at the University
of Education in Ludwigsburg, Germany, to discuss their projects and workings
about the topic of “Sport und Gender” in an international setting. Nearly 40
attendees of sixteen different nations followed the invitation of Heike Tiemann
and Annette Hofmann to take part at the congress.
The impressive keynote address “Women
in Oman: Islam, Physical Education and Sport, a Research Challenge” by Prof. Tansin Benn (University of
Birmingham) opened the meeting. Benn discussed her own experiences which had
been gathered during her scientific three month stay in Oman. In her speech she
pointed out how difficult it is for foreigners to analyse life experiences in
sports of women in Oman. It is not only cultural barriers which have to be
overcome, but as a researcher one is additionally dependent on a translator.
The importance of considering the socio-cultural and eco-political context and
being sensitive and open to a broadening of ones own attitudes were
consequently referred to. The focus of Benn’s study lay with female students of
the Sultan Qaboos University of the osmanian capital Muscat. Insights were
given into her experiences in sports education at the school, sports study and
the general participation of the pupils at sports. The following talk by Ilknur
Hacisoftaoglu from Turkey was similarly concerned with Muslim women and
thematised women in Turkey who had been active in the field of sports in the Early
Republican Period (1923-1946). An analysis of sports journals revealed that
women sports were presented in a way that embodied the new ideal of the modern
western woman.
With the topic of “Gender on the
Edge - The Intersections of Sport and Gender Research” a comprehensive overview
of the historical development of the gender theory in sports which incorporated
the views of important scientists of North America, who, with their theories
and approaches, had laid foundations for research in that area (e.g. Ann Hall,
Nancy Struna, Patricia Vertinsky etc.) was given by Susan Bandy (Ohio State
University). An outlook on the meaning of gender in sports research for the
future was also explained. According to Bandy, a “degendering process“ is currently observable.
An introduction of practical
experiences about the topic was given by Megan Chawansky (Ohio State
University) as she reported on “PeacePlayers International in Cyprus“. By
playing basketball together girls and boys from the two parts of Cyprus were
supposed to learn about peace, tolerance and security as a social asset.
Chawansky pointed out the possibilities of Sport for Development and Peace
programmes under gender aspects.
Gertrud Pfister (University of
Copenhagen) presented the design of her research project “Doping - an Issue of
Gender and (Sport) Culture” in Denmark. The aim of the project lies in
acquiring knowledge about various legal and illegal drugs in high-performance
sports and fitness. The study is supposed to especially research the
differences between the genders and acquire whether gender-specific strategies
for increased performance exist and whether an increase in performance can be
reasoned gender-specifically.
Ilse Hartmann-Tews (Sporthoch-schule
Cologne) was concerned with the question to what extent older people take part
at the “Sportification-Trend”, what opinions they have on the topic of sports,
and whether differences between the genders exist. According to a
representative survey which queried people age 55 and older in the area of
Cologne it could be seen that older people - especially women - take part at
that trend. Sport is also seen as a means against aging by this age group.
The coverage of ancient history
similarly covered many topics. A general talk about women sports in ancient
history was given by Francesca D’Elia
(University of Naples) whereas Bettina Kratzmüller (University of Vienna) gave a presentation about the female pharaoh Hatshepsut who had lived in the 15th century B.C. and had
reigned together with her half-brother in Egypt. Kratzmüller considered the
customs and views of that time and explained, based on the examples of
Hatshepsut/Maatkare, the tradition of “Kultlaufszenen“.
A number of
presentations were concerned with biographies of female sports athletes of
various centuries. One example is Gigliola Gori’s (Universitá degli Studi di
Urbino) talk on the Italian motorcyclist Vittorina Sambri (1891-1965). On the
basis of the life of Vittorina Sambri, Gori gave insights into the value
understandings and opinions during her life time. Sambri was a very successful
motorcyclist, who, as the only woman, established herself in the male domain of
motor sports.
Angela Giallongo (Universitá degli
Studi di Urbino) devoted herself to “Treasure of the City of Ladies“, written
by the French author Christine de Pizan in 1405. The book describes a medieval
utopia in which the dominance of the men is removed. Further is the awareness
of the female body form a female perspective described. This work is, according
to Giallongo, one of a small number of sources about woman’s sports activities
of the medieval age.
Jean Williams of Britain (De
Montfort University) offered in her talk “What can the history of football in
Germany tell us about researching women’s sport?” an overview of the history of
female football in Germany, but also commented on the history of this sport in
Great Britain around 1920. Striking contemporary
film clips were used as sources. In the long
term she is interested in a comparison of the history of women football in the
UK and in Germany.
By analysing the most important
feministically coined journals before and after the Cultural Revolution in
France in 1968, Thierry Terret (University of Lyon) researched what
significance the leading promoters of feminism granted sporting activity as an
instrument of emancipation. In the different forms of these publications hardly
any connection to sport was to be noticed. Terret also pointed out Corinne
Morbier alias Catherine Louveau who, as an example of a feminist contrary to
this trend, contemplated sports as a means for emancipation and was critical
towards the common feministic movement.
Charles Little (London Metropolitan
University) analysed the possibilities for women of the working class in the
south of Sydney to do sports. He pointed out the small amount of possibilities
for women between 1900 and 1940 and noticed that the economic status
additionally matters. Women of the working class neither had the time nor money
to afford the luxury of doing sports.
The emancipation of women in sports
at the Laurentian University in Canada was thematised by Amanda Schweinbenz.
Her focus lay especially on the time after 1960 in which the sports at
universities was able to record an increase. Especially in the discipline of
basketball the “Lady Vees” were successful.
The broad spectrum of sociological
and historical topics was extended by contributions of the pedagogic field
which especially thematised coeducation. Sandra Winheller introduced a new
theoretical model to explain attitudes of girls and boys to sport. Joca Zurc of
Slovenia (University of Primorska) evaluated the Slovenian sports curriculum
under the gender aspect. The result showed that no discrimination, but rather
differentiations between boys and girls are to be noticed. The girls receive
more education in gymnastics and dance whereas the boys receive more in ball
sports.
In her speech a
scholar from Japan, Miho Koishihara, described the notion and images of female
athletes in the Japanese Culture in the 1920s and 1930s. This was done by
scrutinising the portrayed female athletes from “Shouko karabu” (Girls’ Club),
one of the most popular magazines of that time. It could be seen that although
females doing sports were frowned upon at first in Japan the magazine
contributed an important part to the sports emancipation of women and notion of
obtaining joy by doing sports.
Gerd von der Lippe (Telemark
College) concluded the convention. At the centre of her talk was the influence
of the three-time Olympic winner of freestyle mogul skiing, Kari Traa, on
sports journalism. Analyses of journal articles and pictures were made under
the light of rhetorical and feministic views and it was discussed whether those
provocative and sexually enhanced portrayals serve as an asset for femininity
or whether other forms of depiction would also be possible.
Corinna
Seidler
2. University of Toronto Graduate Students Conference, May 8-9, 2009.
The
graduate students in the department of Exercise Sciences at the University of Toronto
are pleased to announce a two-day conference aimed at the study of the human
body. Please Join us in Toronto on May 8 and 9, 2009.
Now
in its sixth year, the Graduate Research Conference is designed to bring
together graduate students to share their research in a positive environment
and to engage with other students and ideas from across the many disciplines
that comprise studies in sport, health and physical activity. We welcome
students from cultural studies, history, education, sociology, kinesiology,
physiology, nutrition, sexual diversity studies and many others!
Students
can present research 'in progress', test out ideas for a thesis or dissertation
proposal, make a dry run of a future conference paper or present original
research.
For
more information or email conference.exs@utoronto.ca or visit www.acfpeh.com/academic/grad/GRC/GRC.php
3. “Olympic Reform: A
Ten-Year Review”, University
of Toronto, May 19-20, 2009.
In
1999, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) embarked upon a major series of
reforms to governance, the bidding process to host Olympics, the reporting of
information, and to important programmes such as Olympic Solidarity. The
reforms came in response to revelations of bribes paid to ensure that Salt Lake
City won the right to host the 2002 Winter Olympics. As major sponsors
threatened to withdraw their support, the IOC responded by establishing the
‘2000 Commission’. The 2000 Commission’s 50 recommendations for reform were
quickly approved.
This
conference will conduct a critical review of the implementation of the reform
package – successes, failures and unintended consequences. The review is timely
because the reforms were introduced with no independent review mechanism; and
the conference takes place mid-way between the Beijing and Vancouver Olympics.
Academics, activists, policy makers and sport leaders will gather to examine
the context of reform, evaluate the implementation of the 1999 reform package,
and identify issues and concerns that warrant further analysis and action.
Abstracts and
proposals for sessions are invited in the following areas :
The Context of
Reform -- topics related to the growing climate of
reform that preceded the Salt Lake City scandal, including (but not limited
to): the struggle for gender equity at the Olympics; the growth of critical
scholarship and investigative journalism; the Olympic Truce and peace building
initiatives; doping scandals and reform initiatives; and the politics of
Olympic site selection.
Critical Analysis
of the Reform Package – topics related to the IOC
2000 Commission reforms, including (but not limited to): Olympic Solidarity –
Sport development and development through sport; WADA and doping; bidding for
the Olympic Games before and after Salt Lake City; Olympic legacies; equity,
representation, and the structure of the IOC; transparency and communication;
and Olympism, education and culture.
Athletes’ Rights – topics related to the influence of IOC reforms on athletes’ rights,
including (but not limited to): health, injury, and doping; media rights and
the right to speak out; child athletes; sponsorship; labour rights; and other
issues concerning the similarities and differences between athletes’ rights and
the rights guaranteed to all humans under various international Charters.
Olympic Reform:
Monitoring and Advocacy – topics related to
monitoring the implementation of reforms and advocating for future reforms,
including (but not limited to): Olympics and corporate social responsibility;
sport and ‘good governance’; environment and sustainable development; Sport for
All; sport for development and peace; legacies; ensuring rights; and conflict
resolution.
The conference will feature keynote
addresses by international and Canadian sport leaders and scholars, plenary
panel discussions, as well as open paper sessions. Conference organizers are
encouraging submissions for both individual presentations and session topics.
Abstracts should be no longer than 250 words (and include the paper/session
title, and presenter’s name and affiliation). Deadline for the submission of
abstracts is January 31, 2009.
Submit abstracts
and any questions to the Conference Organizer, Russell Field, at: russell.field@utoronto.ca
Dr. Bruce Kidd
Dean, Faculty of
Physical Education and Health
University of
Toronto
Dr. Peter
Donnelly
Director, Centre
for Sport Policy Studies
University of
Toronto
Dr. Russell Field
Faculty of
Physical Education and Health
University of
Toronto
4. Facing New Challenges : Education, Health Promotion, Integration in
Gymnastics and Sports, June 4th
- 5th, 2009 in the Chamber of Industry and Commerce
(IHK) Frankfurt.
The German
Gymnastics Federation (DTB) is responsible for high performance sports, leisure
sports and health activities for women and men, old and young, as well as
people of diverse social and ethnic backgrounds.The broadness of the target
groups and tasks is mirrored in the diverse sport offers of the DTB clubs and
sections. This broadness is also expressed in the thematic orientation of
the international sport scientific
congress of the DTB during the International German Gymnastics Festival in June
2009 where international speakers will discuss the following topics
- Education
– Children’s Gymnastics and Youth Sports
- Health
– Health Sports
- Integration
and Migration – Gymnastics
and Sports with and for Immigrants
Target audience of
the Congress are scientists from various fields and officers of different
international sport organizations. To guarantee the quality of the event, a
keynote speaker is scheduled for each of the three topics.
If you are interested in attending the
Congress, please register online via the Turnfest-website www.turnfest.de. The deadline for abstracts is March 1, 2009
Congress fee
Regular: 200 Euro
Reduced for Members of DTB, TAFISA, ISCA, ICCSPE, FIG, UEG 160 Euro
Reduced early birds 160 Euro
The Congress fee
include participation in the Turnfest with the Turnfestkarte (Gymnastic
Festival Card) and Public Transport as well as a Congress-meal for Lunch,
Coffee
For information contact Dr. Annette R.
Hofmann: nettehof@web.de
5. Australian Society
for Sports History, Sporting Traditions XVII : The Cultural Paradigm: Reinvigorating Sport History ? Wellington,
New Zealand, 30 June – 3 July 2009.
The Cultural Paradigm: Reinvigorating Sport History ?
The 2009 conference of the Australian
Society for Sports History will be held at the Copthorne Hotel, Oriental Bay,
Wellington, New Zealand, from 30 June to 3 July 2009.
Theme
The overarching theme of Sporting Traditions
XVII is “The Cultural
Paradigm: Reinvigorating Sport History?” In 1999, delegates at Sporting Traditions XII debated the state of sport
history. At that time, social history had dominated sport history for a quarter
of a century and the field appeared tired and stale. A decade on and the cultural paradigm has
arrived: sport history is awash with new theories and new approaches; some
sport historians are even playing with new forms of representation. At Sporting
Traditions XVII leading historians of sport from North America, Britain,
Australia and New Zealand will discuss and debate the influence of the cultural
paradigm on sport history and its reinvigoration of the field.
Programme
The Programme Committee invites delegates to
submit abstracts for individual papers or complete sessions. Abstracts /
Session should address either “The Cultural Paradigm” or subjects with
an historical bent within the field of sports studies, broadly defined.
Each session will run for 1 hour and 45
minutes and allow for three 20 minute papers, a 15 minute commentary and
discussion. Presentation facilities available to speakers include data
projector, DVD player and overhead projector.
Call for papers
Abstracts of between 150 and 200 words should
be submitted by electronic mail to Douglas Booth, School
of Physical Education University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand: doug.booth@otago.ac.nz
Abstracts will be accepted until 2 February
2009.
Delegates will be notified of their acceptance
on 1 March 2009.
The first draft of the programme will be
posted on the ASSH website and the sporthist list on 15 March 2009.
For more information, please
visit the ASSH website : www.sporthistory.org
6. The British Society of Sports History- Annual
Conference, 17-19 July 2009, University of Stirling,
Scotland, UK.
We
are delighted to announce the next annual conference of the BSSH will take
place at the University of Stirling from 17-19 July 2009.
Full details can be
found on the website www.BSSH2009.info
This
annual conference will be held in conjunction with the ISHPES congress which
takes place from 14-18 July 2009.
You
are welcome to attend both meetings and for those of you who attend the ISHPES
congress, you can stay on for the BSSH meeting free of charge.
Details
of the ISHPES Congress can be found on the website www.ishpes.info
Please note: If you
wish to submit an abstract for both meetings then you must submit each
(different) abstract to the appropriate site:
For abstracts for
the BSSH meeting: www.bssh2009.info/abstract
For abstracts for
the ISHPES congress: http://www.ishpes.info/abstract.php
Key dates
ISHPES abstract submission deadline 6
March 2009
Early bird registration closing date 31
March 2009
BSSH abstract submission deadline 15
May 2009
BSSH Registration fees
For as little as £160 :
·
Conference registration, including
abstract book and lunches and refreshments during the conference from 17-19
July
·
Invitation to the Lord Provost’s
Reception on Friday 17 July
·
conference dinner and Ceilidh on
Saturday 18th July
·
2 nights accommodation
ISHPES Congress Registration
You
have the opportunity (if you are not a member already) to benefit by joining
the BSSH for £30, save £50 on registration fees for the ISHPES congress and
receive 4 BSSH journals.
Register for ISHPES : http://www.ishpes.info/registration.php
BSSH
Conference Registration
If you are not a
member, 1 years membership will be included in the non-member registration fee.
Register for BSSH
only : www.bssh2009.info
Going
to both?
If you would like to attend both meetings please register for ISHPES: http://www.ishpes.info/registration.php
and check the box marked ‘do you wish to attend the BSSH meeting also’
If you have any
queries please contact the organisers via email : contact@BSSH2009.info
We hope to see you
in July 2009
Best wishes
Conference
administration
Email : contact@bssh2009.info
Tel: +44 (0) 1786 820 254
7. International Summer School for Young Researchers – Course for PhD Students in
Copenhagen, August 2009.
Topic : Sport and movement
cultures - developments and practices in a globalised world. Historical,
Sociological, Psychological and Pedagogical Approaches
Please contact the
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences.
More information on
www.ifi.ku.dk in April 2009.
Hans
Bonde: Football with the Foe. Danish
Sport under the Swastika. University of Danemark Press 2008, 269 pp.
With the assistance of Martin Frei, Hans Bonde takes up
in his new book an era of his expertise: German-Danish relations in sport and
gymnastics. Only in 2006 was his English edition of Gymnastics and Politics.
Niels Bukh and Male Aesthetics published. Here Bonde provided non-Danish
speakers with an insight into the spread of Danish Gymnastics, not only in
Denmark but also worldwide. Moreover he used a biographical approach to
introduce Nils Bukh and his gymnastic system to readers as a national symbol,
both in a positive and negative sense, and especially showed Bukh’s
relationship with the German nationalistic government. This is also the time
period on which Bonde mainly concentrates in his latest research, but now with
a focus on a different sport: football, during the time of the German
occupation. Besides football, Bonde takes up other sports, such as boxing,
athletics and swimming. He tells of individual athletes and their relations
with Nazi Germany; examples are the female swimming stars Ragnhild Hveger and
Jenny Kammerssaad. One chapter is devoted to “Jewish Persecution”.
Bonde emphasizes in his introduction that so far historians researching
this time period have neglected sport. After his theoretical remarks and a
discussion of concepts, Bonde starts out with German-Danish sport relations in
the 1930s and then continues with Danish sport under siege in the year 1940/41.
His book is a “showcase on sport and politics that demonstrates the
politicisation of Danish sport at its peak”. It shows that the first years of
the German occupation can be called a “golden age” of Danish-German
colloborative sports that was far more
intense than any period before or since. Banners with the Nazi swastika
flew side by side with the Danish flag. But the book also shows the resistance
to German occupation and how after the war, sport was again used for political
purposes to demonstrate Denmark´s “emotional integration” and participation in
sports competitions against the British. At the end Bonde tries to explain why
there was not more resistance from Danish sport, such as sport federations,
sport clubs or individual athletes, earlier on. He tries to find explanations
without accusing anyone for what happened. For all those readers lacking time
to read the entire book, the last chapter, “Revolt from Below – Conclusion”,
gives a wonderful summary and relates the most important facts again.
I am really glad that this book was written in English. Only this way
can one introduce an international readership to the sport endeavors and
historical events which took place in various countries. It gives insight into
the importance of sport and physical activities and how national influences are
interrelated. For German readers it is also a way to get to know more about
their own history, and how the national socialist government even influenced
such areas as sports in occupied countries. The scientific community needs bi-
or trialingual scholars like Hans Bonde, fluent in Danish and German as well,
to overcome language barriers and be able to read original documents and draw
connections. This is a necessity for interculturally related work. Finally, it
should be added that Bonde has included many photos which bring the context
even closer to the reader.
Annette
Hofmann
Gems,
G. R., Borish, L. J. & Pfister, G. (2008). Sports in American History.
From Colonization to Globalization. Human Kinetics: Champaign, 372 pp.
One might ask, who needs another book on American sport
history? Isn´t the market already saturated? Well-known examples are:
B./Swanson, R.: History of Sport and Physical Education in the United
States;Riess, S. A.: Sport
in Industrial America. 1850-1920; or Rader,
B.: American Sports. From the Age of Folk Games to the Age of
Televised Sports.
But this publication by Gems, Borish, & Pfister is
different from the above mentioned, not only in size and weight. It starts with
the authors: An international team, two Americans and one German, take on the
task of writing about American sports. All of them are well-known sport
historians who can contribute their own research topics to the overall content.
Unlike other books on American sport history, this one
takes up quite a few new topics. Ethnicity has always been part of American
sports, but Gems, Borish, & Pfister not only mention the participation in
sport by African-Americans; they also take a at the contribution to American
sports by Jewish people and many European groups. Health issues and the
increasingly important role of doping have their own chapters. It is obvious
that the authors are very much involved in gender studies. “Women and sport” is
an aspect that is considered for all time periods dealt
with, as well as the relation to male sporting culture and the
challenge of gender boundaries.
This publication not only relates historical facts, but
also tries to find, through its sociological approach, answers and to certains
explanations for certain developments within American society. Having Gertrud
Pfister, a European scholar, do this from an outsider perspective contributes
to the quality of the book. This perspective can also be seen in the choice of
sports that are discussed. Unlike other publications, it not only concentrates
on the “Big Three” (football, baseball and basketball), but includes sports
such as soccer, which has found its place as one of the most popular sports for
American children and women.
The dynamic of the contents is also mirrored in the
pictures and photos. Most of them show active sports people, instead of
athletes posing for the camera.
The book is intended to be used for history classes. At
the end of each of the nine chapters, questions for discussion can be found. A
number of sidebars relate to important athletes and sporting events.
For practical reasons, this is not a book to be read in
bed: It is simply too big and heavy.
Annette Hofmann
Wie ein Blick in vorhandene Biografien
zeigt, sind einzelne Lebensphasen des als "Turnvater Jahn" bekannten
Pädagogen Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) von der Forschung bisher kaum
beachtet worden. Dazu zählen auch die Jahre zwischen dem erfolglosen Ende
seiner Studienzeit in Göttingen und seinen Anfangsjahren in Berlin. Diese eher
"dunklen Lebensjahre" will nun die vorliegende Quellensammlung
erhellen, indem sie bisher weitgehend unveröffentlichte Primärquellen
vereinigt, die nähere Aufschlüsse über Jahn und sein personelles Umfeld
ermöglichen. Neben persönlichen Briefen und Dokumenten versammelt die Edition
ebenso zeitgenössische Porträts über ihn wie zu Lebzeiten erschienene
Rezensionen seines Hauptwerkes "Deutsches Volksthum".
Recent
Dissertations
Yves Leloup, Histoire
des courses de pirogues polynésiennes. De l'acculturation sportive occidentale
à la ré-appropriation identitaire ma’ohi (XIXe-XXe siècle)", pour le
doctorat en Histoire contemporaine, Université de la Polynésie française,
soutenue le 4 décembre 2007.
Co-dirigée
par Jean-Marc Regnault et Thierry Terret, cette thèse aborde la construction
identitaire ma’ohi dans l’ancienne colonie de la Polynésie française en
développant une remarquable analyse sur les usages politiques de la course de
pirogue. Yves Leloup démontre que, loin d’être une pratique
« traditionnelle », la pirogue est en réalité importée par la Marine
française au milieu du XIXème siècle, pour être utilisée afin de contrôler et
séduire les populations locales, avant que celles-ci ne se les réapproprient
jusqu’à en faire un symbole identitaire majeur à la fin du XXème siècle.
Magnifique exemple de réinvention de la tradition telle qu’Eric Hobsbawn l’a
développée, cette histoire des courses de pirogues inscrit pleinement
l’histoire du sport dans un débat historique actuel et important. Au passage,
elle comble une double lacune historiographique, l’une sur la place du sport
dans l’historiographie relative à la Polynésie, l’autre sur la place de la
Polynésie dans l’historiographie du sport colonial. En outre, la démonstration de l’acculturation
sportive est portée par un corpus aussi vaste que pertinent. Certaines sources
n’avaient quasiment jamais été déflorées sur ces questions, par exemple les
journaux de bord des premiers explorateurs ou les archives des services
historiques de la Marine. Yves Leloup a su aussi ajouter à son arsenal de matériaux
de nombreux ouvrages et récits ayant valeur de sources, de même qu’une riche
iconographie, complétée pour la dernière période, par des entretiens.
Thierry
Terret
Thierry Arnal, La révolution des mouvements. Gymnastique,
morale et démocratie au temps d’Amoros (1815-1848), Thèse de doctorat en
sciences de l’éducation, Université Paris V, soutenue le 25 juin 2007.
Dirigée
par Georges Vigarello, cette thèse vise à resituer la conception de la
gymnastique développée par un célèbre gymnasiarque du début du XIXe siècle, Francisco Amoros, dans le cadre
de l’histoire des idées. Il est organisé autour de cinq parties inégales et de
douze chapitres. La première positionne la trajectoire socio-politique d’Amoros
en relevant avec pertinence les ambiguïtés du
personnage.
La seconde s’attache à articuler ses conceptions et les grands mouvements
philosophiques post-révolutionnaires, en dégageant de manière convaincante les
proximités entretenues avec les Idéologues. La troisième met en évidence
l’originalité de la gymnastique amorosienne, qui se veut en définitive
davantage un moyen de réforme sociale et d’éducation politique qu’une éducation
corporelle proprement dite. La quatrième développe cette même idée en montrant
que le projet d’Amoros répond à une ambition libérale qui n’échappe pas à la
reproduction des hiérarchies sociales. On relève ici un chapitre 11 sur l’ordre
social particulièrement stimulant. Enfin, la dernière partie, réduite à un seul
chapitre, conduit à interpréter l’échec de la gymnastique d’Amoros comme le
reflet de la montée du spiritualisme et le déclin du sensualisme.
Les
sources mobilisées s’avèrent pertinentes au regard de l’objet :
constituées, pour l’essentiel, des textes d’Amoros lui-même et des discours sur
l’éducation et sur la gymnastique, elles intègrent aussi le Journal d’éducation dont l’auteur fait
une utilisation judicieuse. L’impétrant fait également un usage tout à fait
remarquable du fonds d’ouvrages ayant appartenu à Amoros, afin de remonter à
ses sources d’inspiration.
Thierry
Terret
Xavier Breuil, Histoire du football féminin en Europe de la
Grande Guerre jusqu’à nos jours, Thèse de doctorat en histoire
contemporaine, Université de Metz, soutenue
le 10 septembre 2007.
Dirigée
par Alfred Wahl, cette thèse couvre près d’un siècle, un espace considérable
(l’Europe) et la première pratique sportive du monde : le football. Le projet
vise ainsi à interpréter les conditions d’émergence et de disparition du
football féminin à l’échelle européenne, en reliant les dynamiques spécifiques
en jeu à l’état du rapport football-citoyenneté dans chaque nation
investiguée.
Après
une excellente introduction générale, la première partie s’attache à saisir le
rôle de la Grande Guerre dans l’apparition d’une pratique féminine du football en
Angleterre, pratique qui se diffuse en Europe occidentale à la faveur de
l’action de quelques structures associatives et du militantisme d’une
Française, Alice Milliat. La seconde partie étudie les résistances des années
1950 et 1960 pour une relance du football féminin, en questionnant plus
particulièrement ses relations avec les mouvements féministes. La troisième
partie explore la reconnaissance du football féminin depuis les années 1970, en
comparant avec bonheur la spécificité des nations européennes tant du point de
vue de la pratique elle-même que de l’attitude des dirigeants fédéraux. L’idée
générale, plutôt convaincante, est de mettre en évidence « un rapport
étroit entre la place occupée par les femmes dans la vie publique et celle
qu’elles occupent dans leur fédération de football » (p. 308). A cette
occasion, la réflexion ne se cantonne plus à l’Angleterre, la France et la
Belgique, mais elle dresse un bilan plus large touchant notamment à l’Allemagne
et aux pays scandinaves, sans s’interdire de poser les bornes d’une étude
mondiale intégrant l’Amérique du Nord et l’Asie. Les passages sur la création
des compétitions internationales sont particulièrement réussis.
Mais
l’intérêt de la thèse ne tient pas seulement à la nouvelle interprétation proposée.
Il faut en effet reconnaître à l’auteur une remarquable envergure dans la
collecte des matériaux, démarche qui l’a amené dans plusieurs pays européens et
dans des fonds d’archives aussi différents que, par exemple, l’Imperial War
Museum de Londres, l’UNESCO à Paris et la FIFA à Zurich.
Thierry
Terret
Guy-Lionel Loew, L’amateurisme dans la presse internationale.
Les Jeux olympiques d’hiver de Sapporo 1972, Thèse de doctorat en STAPS,
Université de Strasbourg, soutenue
le 22 octobre 2007.
Co-dirigée
par André Rauch et Otto Schantz, cette thèse entreprend d’analyser le débat sur
l’amateurisme tel qu’il apparaît dans neuf journaux provenant de cinq pays (deux de RFA, deux de RDA, un
d’Autriche, trois de France et un des Etats-Unis) en prenant pour prétexte la
disqualification du skieur autrichien Karl Schrantz pour les Jeux olympiques
d’hiver de Sapporo, en 1972. L’impétrant met en évidence les points communs et
les différences des discours journalistiques en fonction du positionnement
idéologique et politique des journaux. Il en montre aussi les
contractions ; il en éclaire enfin la nature et la portée à l’aune des
mutations économiques, sportives et politiques du moment.
La
thèse est constituée de trois parties et neuf chapitres. La première pose les
éléments du débat : définitions de l’amateurisme, contexte économique,
politique et sportif, et corpus traité, fort de plus de 700 articles (dans
trois langues). La seconde étudie une première série de discours sur
l’amateurisme sur fond de guerre froide, de tensions entre l’Allemagne de l’Est
et de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest, de développement de l’économie des sports d’hiver
et de crispation du président du CIO Avery Brundage autour de la règle 26
définissant l’amateurisme. Enfin, la dernière partie revient sur les
caractéristiques discursives ayant permis de conforter les positions
idéologiques des journaux.
L’analyse
de contenu à laquelle se livre monsieur Loew est un modèle du genre. Croisant
les démarches quantitatives et qualitatives, comparant notamment les discours
tenu dans chaque nation sur les autres nations impliquées, puis ceux relatifs à
l’amateurisme et à la position d’Avery Brundage, elle donne à lire un tableau
complet, distancié et brillamment éclairé. La thèse s’appuie très utilement sur
les archives du CEO de Lausanne – en particulier l’Avery Brundage Collection - et l’ensemble est encadré par une très
bonne connaissance de la littérature internationale.
Thierry
Terret
Frédéric Reichhart,
Les loisirs touristiques des personnes
déficientes en France : entre assimilation et différenciation, Thèse
de doctorat en STAPS, Université de Strasbourg, soutenue le 22 octobre 2007.
Co-dirigée
par André Rauch et Otto Schantz, la thèse porte sur une question
apparemment simple – quels sont les soubassements institutionnels et
idéologiques des loisirs organisés pour les personnes déficientes ? – mais
dont la réalité est extrêmement complexe et éclatée. Frédéric Reichhart met
alors en évidence deux dynamiques. La première prend ses racines dans les initiatives
prises par les structures mises en place pour la déficience en direction du
loisir, la seconde dans une extension des organisations
touristiques
en direction des personnes déficientes. Cette double logique institutionnelle
est elle-même recoupée par deux manières de concevoir le séjour de la personne
déficiente : dans un temps et un espace qui lui sont dévolus
spécifiquement, ou dans un cadre intégré. En outre, il apparaît que la nature
même du handicap devient un facteur de différenciation de l’offre touristique.
Finalement, l’impétrant montre que le loisir de la personne déficiente se
développe entre les deux processus contraires que sont l’assimilation et la
différenciation.
La
démonstration procède par une succession de monographies où l’on observe un
souci de raisonner à plusieurs niveaux - pratiques, institutions et
discours – avec de très belles pages sur l’après Première Guerre mondiale ou
sur le tourisme d’extension, par exemple. Des matériaux extrêmement variés sont
mobilisés, allant des bulletins d’associations à la législation, des sites
Internet aux entretiens avec des responsables des structures concernées. Ce
travail de collecte force l’admiration, mais il appelle deux remarques, l’une
sur le risque de se laisser entraîner parfois par les sources en déséquilibrant
les approches proposées d’un chapitre à un autre, l’autre de faire la part
belle aux analyses « par le haut » en négligeant peut-être les
premiers acteurs concernés : les personnes déficientes.
Thierry
Terret
Jean-Sébastien.
Gallois, La reconversion des footballeurs
professionnels du championnat de France, 1932-2006, Thèse de doctorat en
Histoire contemporaine, Université de Metz, soutenue le 20
novembre 2007.
Dirigée
par Alfred Wahl, la thèse se situe entre histoire du sport, histoire des
professions et histoire économique. Riche de 4 volumes, les trois derniers
constituent en réalité un dictionnaire biographique très conséquent de près de
4000 fiches !, la première étant une reconstruction historique appuyée sur
les éléments biographiques en question. La collecte des trajectoires de vie est
impressionnante par son ampleur et la multiplicité des sources auxquelles il a
dû être nécessaire de recourir (archives, questionnaires, entretiens), bien que
les interprétations qui en sont proposées ne poussent pas assez loin les
analyses qu’on aurait pu en attendre. Si le corpus constitué par l’impétrant
est le point fort de la thèse, celle-ci pêche en effet par un certain nombre de
faiblesses ou d’insuffisances de développement et une contextualisation sans
doute trop peu mobilisée dans les analyses.
Thierry
Terret